Jerusalem
يشير هذا المقام على جبل الزيتون إلى خلوة السيدة رابعة العدوية، زاهدة البصرة الشهيرة: المكان الذي أقامت فيه في خلوة وعبادة. وهي مدفونة في البصرة. يُعرف الموقع…
This maqam on the Mount of Olives marks the khalwa of Sayyidah Rabia al-Adawiyya, the famed ascetic of Basra: the place where she stayed in seclusion and worship. She is buried in Basra. Known in Arabic as مقام رابعة العدوية, the site stands in al-Tur, east of Jerusalem’s Old City and close to the summit of the mountain. The maqam comprises an upper prayer space and a lower cave, the place of her seclusion. The ascetic of Basra Sayyidah Rabia al-Adawiyya was also known as Umm al-Khayr and Umm Amr. The historian al-Dhahabi names her as Sayyidah Rabia bint Ismail al-Adawiyya al-Basriyya and describes her as an ascetic, a devoted worshipper and a woman of deep humility. She belonged to the early tradition of zuhd, disciplined detachment from worldly excess in order to devote the heart to Allah. Accounts preserved by Ibn al-Jawzi and al-Dhahabi describe her nightly prayer, her severe self-accounting and the wisdom transmitted from her by scholars including Sufyan al-Thawri. Her khalwa on the Mount of Olives The site stands at the summit of the mountain known in Arabic as al-Tur, outside Jerusalem to the east, and has been visited by pilgrims in her memory for centuries. The lower chamber is the khalwa of Sayyidah Rabia al-Adawiyya, a secluded place used for worship and spiritual retreat. The maqam later developed above and around this cave, joining her memory to the long history of worship and retreat on the heights overlooking Jerusalem.