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Al-Zahir Baybars was the Mamluk sultan who ruled Egypt and Syria from 1260 to 1277. As a commander he played a key part in the defeat of the Mongols at Ayn…
Al-Zahir Baybars was the Mamluk sultan who ruled Egypt and Syria from 1260 to 1277. As a commander he played a key part in the defeat of the Mongols at Ayn Jalut in 1260, and as sultan he took many of the remaining Crusader strongholds, including Krak des Chevaliers and Antioch, and rebuilt the defences of Syria. He passed away in Damascus in 1277 and was buried in the domed mausoleum of al-Madrasah al-Zahiriyyah, built in his honour in the old city near the Umayyad Mosque. The tomb chamber, with its gold mosaics, can still be seen.